但事实上,也许你想错了。Web动画并不难。你只需要掌握一些非常基本的知识就能开发出非常漂亮的Web动画。以前开发动画应用你可能需要学习很复杂的动画制作框架。自从HTML5画布(Canvas)功能面世后,Web动画就一下子从云端跌落到了地面——任何一个Web程序员都可以轻易的用画布(Canvas)技术+JavaScript来开发出各种动画效果。网上用来方便程序员开发画布(Canvas)游戏动画的JS工具包非常丰富,《盲打高手打飞字》这款练习盲打的游戏就是一个叫做impactjs的游戏引擎。而文下面的教程中将使用的是另外一个叫做kinetic的Web动画工具包。它们都是开源的。
把鼠标放到上面的小丑脸上,然后移开,看看会发生效果。
这就是一个最简单的动画。简单吗?你能做出来吗?
下面我们就用三分钟时间,用很少的几行代码把这个动画做出来。你只需要了解很少的几个API,然后使用需要的动画参数,就能制作出这个有趣又能响应你的动作的Web动画。
第一步,画五官
这个小丑没有耳朵和眉毛,所以只剩下三官,但它的两个眼睛我们要分别绘制,所以一共是四个部分。下面先看看代码。
绘制左眼的代码
- var leftEye = new Kinetic.Line({
- x: 150,
- points: [0, 200, 50, 190, 100, 200, 50, 210],
- tension: 0.5,
- closed: true,
- stroke: 'white',
- strokeWidth: 10
- });
- var rightEye = new Kinetic.Line({
- x: sw - 250,
- points: [0, 200, 50, 190, 100, 200, 50, 210],
- tension: 0.5,
- closed: true,
- stroke: 'white',
- strokeWidth: 10
- });
- var nose = new Kinetic.Line({
- points: [240, 280, sw/2, 300, sw-240,280],
- tension: 0.5,
- closed: true,
- stroke: 'white',
- strokeWidth: 10
- });
- var mouth = new Kinetic.Line({
- points: [150, 340, sw/2, 380, sw - 150, 340, sw/2, sh],
- tension: 0.5,
- closed: true,
- stroke: 'red',
- strokeWidth: 10
- });
简单讲解一下上面的代码。Kinetic就是我们使用的js工具包。在页面的头部,我们需要这样引用它:
- <script type="text/javascript"
- src="/js/kinetic-v5.0.1.min.js?0d64e4"></script>
第二步,让图动起来
这个动画之所以能吸引人,是因为它能响应你的鼠标动作,和用户有互动,这是一个成功的动画最关键的地方。如果你仔细观察,这个小丑五官的变化只是形状的变化,眼睛变大,嘴巴变大,鼻子变大,但特别的是这个变化不是瞬间变化,而是有过渡性的,这里面有一些算法,这就是最让人发愁的地方。幸运的是,这算法技术都非常的成熟,不需要我们来思考,在这些动画引擎库里都把这些技术封装成了非常简单方便的接口。下面我们来看看如何让动起来。
左眼的动画
- var leftEyeTween = new Kinetic.Tween({
- node: leftEye,
- duration: 1,
- easing: Kinetic.Easings.ElasticEaseOut,
- y: -100,
- points: [0, 200, 50, 150, 100, 200, 50, 200]
- });
- var rightEyeTween = new Kinetic.Tween({
- node: rightEye,
- duration: 1,
- easing: Kinetic.Easings.ElasticEaseOut,
- y: -100,
- points: [0, 200, 50, 150, 100, 200, 50, 200]
- });
- var noseTween = new Kinetic.Tween({
- node: nose,
- duration: 1,
- easing: Kinetic.Easings.ElasticEaseOut,
- y: -100,
- points: [220, 280, sw/2, 200, sw-220,280]
- });
- var mouthTween = new Kinetic.Tween({
- node: mouth,
- duration: 1,
- easing: Kinetic.Easings.ElasticEaseOut,
- points: [100, 250, sw/2, 250, sw - 100, 250, sw/2, sh-20]
- });
完整的动画代码
- <!DOCTYPE HTML>
- <html>
- <head>
- <style>
- body {
- margin: 0px;
- padding: 0px;
- }
- #container {
- background-color: black;
- }
- </style>
- </head>
- <body>
- <p id="container"></p>
- <script src="/js/lib/kinetic-v5.0.1.min.js?0d64e4"></script>
- <script defer="defer">
- var sw = 578;
- var sh = 400;
- var stage = new Kinetic.Stage({
- container: 'container',
- width: 578,
- height: 400
- });
- var layer = new Kinetic.Layer({
- y: -30
- });
- var leftEye = new Kinetic.Line({
- x: 150,
- points: [0, 200, 50, 190, 100, 200, 50, 210],
- tension: 0.5,
- closed: true,
- stroke: 'white',
- strokeWidth: 10
- });
- var rightEye = new Kinetic.Line({
- x: sw - 250,
- points: [0, 200, 50, 190, 100, 200, 50, 210],
- tension: 0.5,
- closed: true,
- stroke: 'white',
- strokeWidth: 10
- });
- var nose = new Kinetic.Line({
- points: [240, 280, sw/2, 300, sw-240,280],
- tension: 0.5,
- closed: true,
- stroke: 'white',
- strokeWidth: 10
- });
- var mouth = new Kinetic.Line({
- points: [150, 340, sw/2, 380, sw - 150, 340, sw/2, sh],
- tension: 0.5,
- closed: true,
- stroke: 'red',
- strokeWidth: 10
- });
- layer.add(leftEye)
- .add(rightEye)
- .add(nose)
- .add(mouth);
- stage.add(layer);
- // tweens
- var leftEyeTween = new Kinetic.Tween({
- node: leftEye,
- duration: 1,
- easing: Kinetic.Easings.ElasticEaseOut,
- y: -100,
- points: [0, 200, 50, 150, 100, 200, 50, 200]
- });
- var rightEyeTween = new Kinetic.Tween({
- node: rightEye,
- duration: 1,
- easing: Kinetic.Easings.ElasticEaseOut,
- y: -100,
- points: [0, 200, 50, 150, 100, 200, 50, 200]
- });
- var noseTween = new Kinetic.Tween({
- node: nose,
- duration: 1,
- easing: Kinetic.Easings.ElasticEaseOut,
- y: -100,
- points: [220, 280, sw/2, 200, sw-220,280]
- });
- var mouthTween = new Kinetic.Tween({
- node: mouth,
- duration: 1,
- easing: Kinetic.Easings.ElasticEaseOut,
- points: [100, 250, sw/2, 250, sw - 100, 250, sw/2, sh-20]
- });
- stage.getContainer().addEventListener('mouseover', function() {
- leftEyeTween.play();
- rightEyeTween.play();
- noseTween.play();
- mouthTween.play();
- });
- stage.getContainer().addEventListener('mouseout', function() {
- leftEyeTween.reverse();
- rightEyeTween.reverse();
- noseTween.reverse();
- mouthTween.reverse();
- });
- </script>
- </body>
- </html>
观看演示
我相信你已经在3三分钟内看完并看懂了这个动画的制作过程和原理。当然,这个动画很简单,我们这里只是粗浅的讲解一些HTML5画布(Canvas)动画技术的皮毛。如果想真正的成为Web动画告诉,那你还需要做很多的努力。但如果你只是业余爱好,我相信这已经足够让你骄傲了。
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